Malcolm Sparkes (1881-1933) was the owner of a building firm. He was a key figure in the development of schemes for industrial democracy (especially the National Guilds in the building industry), before, during and after the war. He was imprisoned in 1917 as a conscientious objector. The War and Social Order Committee made a special appeal for him to be given day release to attend one of their conferences to speak about his scheme. More information about Malcolm Sparkes can be found in Bert den Boggende’s article, ‘Reluctant Absolutist: Malcolm Sparkes’ Conscientious Objections to World War I‘.